2012届高三英语语法知识分词复习教案

e out of the building.
等在那儿时,他看见两个靓妹走出大楼。(waiting 和saw 的主语相同)
9.4 分词作补语
  通常在感官动词和使役动词之后。例如:
  I found my car missing. 我发现我的车不见了。
  \'ll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
9.5 分词作表语
表示主语的状态等。例如:
  She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭,看上去有些疲倦。
  He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。
9.6 分词作插入语
  分词作插入语的结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。例如:
  generally speaking 一般说来
  talking of (speaking of) 说道
  strictly speaking 严格的说
  judging from 从…判断
  all things considered 从整体来看
  taking all things into consideration 全面看来
例如:Judging from his face, he must be ill. 从他的脸色看,他一定是病了。
  Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 不是dogs 的动作)
9.7 分词的时态
1)一般式表示与主语动词同时发生。例如:
  Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.  听到这一消息,他高兴得手舞足蹈。
  Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 一到那儿,他们就发现那男孩死了。
典型例题
  The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare  B. preparing  C. prepared  D. was preparing 
  答案B. 此处没有连词,不能选D,否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B,C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生,且与主语为主动关系,应用现在分词。
2)完成时表示先于主语动词发生。例如:
  While walking in the garden,he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
  分词作时间状语,如果先与主动词的动作,且强调先后, 要用having done。
  Having finished his homework, he went out. 做完作业后,他出去了。
  =As he had finished his homework, he went out.
典型例题
  ___ a reply, he decided to write again. 
A. Not receiving  B. Receiving not  C. Not having received  D. Having not received  
  答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断,分词的动作(接信)发生在谓语动词的动作(决心再写信)之前,因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词,故选C。该句可理解为:Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
9.8 分词的语态
1)通常,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。例如:
He is the man giving you the money.  (= who gave you…)他就是给你钱的那个人。
He is the man stopped by the car.  (= who was stopped by…)他就是那个被车拦住的人。
2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生,如gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等。
例如: a well-read person.  一个读过许多书的人
   a much-traveled may 一个去过许多地方的人
   a burnt-out match   烧完了的火柴