浅议股份制施工企业上市前的财务准备(一)

摘要:随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立和完善,国有企业的改造力度也逐渐加大,大多数企业通过公司化改造以及管理体制的完善与加强等,走上了良性发展的道路,部分业绩较好的企业融入股市,置于经济杠杆的作用之下。国有施工企业是我国经济结构的重要组成部分,从目前的整体状况来看,随着我国经济实力的不断壮大,其发展前景是乐观的。当然,加入世贸组织以后,国有施工企业也面临着严峻的挑战。为了应对新的挑战与机遇,使更多的投资者关注这一领域,支持国有施工企业进行股份制改造并在适当的情况下上市就成为一条便捷而行之有效的道路。笔者根据其所在施工企业申请上市过程中的实际经验,谈谈股份制施工企业上市前的财务准备工作。
关键词:股份制施工;企业上市;财务准备
Abstract: And consummates along with our country socialist market economic system's gradual establishment, State-owned business's transformation dynamics also gradually enlarges, the majority enterprises with strengthen and so on through the corporation transformation as well as management system's consummation, has stepped onto the benign development path, the partial achievement good enterprise integrates the stock market, puts under economic levers' function. The state-owned construction enterprise is our country economic structure important component, looking from the present overall condition, along with our country economic potentiality unceasing strength, its prospects for development is optimistic. Certainly, after joining World Trade Organization, the state-owned construction enterprise is also facing the stern challenge. In order to deal with the new challenge and the opportunity, causes more investors to pay attention to this domain, supports the state-owned construction enterprise to make the joint stock system transformation and goes on the market in the suitable situation becomes one convenient and the effective path. The author acts according to its, in the construction enterprise applies for in the going on the market process the practical experience, before chatting the joint stock system construction listing the finance preparatory work.

key word: Joint stock system construction; Listing; Financial preparation

一、社会审计


股份制施工企业在上市前必须接受社会审计,审计前的准备工作主要有以下几方面:


(一)审计前的资料收集


我们知道,股份有限公司上市需要符合一系列条件,财务方面的要求主要有:公司股本总额不少于人民币5 000万元;开业时间3年以上,最近3年连续盈利,原国有企业依法改建而设立的,或者在《公司法》实施后新组建成立、其主要发起人为国有大中型企业的,可连续计算;公司在最近3年内无重大违法行为,财务会计报告无虚假记载等。因此股份有限公司必须提供充足的材料来证明,并通过有审计上市公司资格的会计师事务所审查核实,出具相关的审验报告才有资格上报财政部申请上市。因此,资料的准备十分重要。


国有施工企业因其生产经营方式的特殊性,下属的会计独立核算单位比较多,人员流动性强,要准备三年的资料工作量十分巨大,这就需要提早做好准备,以避免出现接受社会审计过程中资料准备不全的被动局面,影响企业的上市进程。总的来说,国有施工企业需要准备的资料有近三年的资产负债表、利润表、科目余额表、会计凭证、会计账簿、固定资产台账、固定资产增减变动情况及其相关说明、债权债务明细资料(包括发生时间、账龄、金额、对方单位、款项内容或产生原因、债务风险程度等)、审计报告期的银行存款对账单及余额调节表等。也可以这样说,只要是审计报告期内公司账面上反映的数据,都要提供相关的资料,而且要真实、详尽。

(二)询证函的收发